Abstract:To investigate the chemical composition and in vivo antioxidant capacity of blueberry anthocyanins（a novel food raw material），high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector-charged aerosol detector and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry were used to comprehensively characterize and identify the structure of blueberry anthocyanin samples. Additionally，the in vivo antioxidant activity was evaluated using a D-galactose-induced aging model. The results showed that the chemical composition consistency of blueberry anthocyanins from different batches was good.A total of 26 compounds，including 15 anthocyanins，9 flavonoids，and 2 phenolic acids，were identified based on retention time，accurate molecular weight，and mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns. In addition to high-content anthocyanins，flavonoids，phenolic acids，and polysaccharides with relatively high contents were also present. Intragastric administration of blueberry anthocyanins effectively improved the antioxidant capacity of aging mice. Compared with the D-galactose model group，blueberry anthocyanins at a dose of 90 mg/（kg·d） increased the total antioxidant capacity，malondialdehyde content，superoxide dismutase activity，and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum.