Abstract:With the continuous improvement of public demands for food safety and quality，the limitations of traditional food detection technologies have become increasingly prominent. Hyperspectral imaging （HSI） has emerged as a research hotspot in the field of food detection by virtue of its unique advantages. This technology can simultaneously acquire the spatial and spectral information of food samples，and realize qualitative，quantitative and positional analysis of food-related indicators，thus boasting broad application prospects in the food industry. This paper systematically combs the principles and system composition of the HSI-based non-destructive and rapid detection technology，and focuses on introducing its typical application cases in the fields such as the evaluation of internal quality and identification of external defects of fruits and vegetables，the assessment of freshness and identification of adulteration of livestock and poultry meat，the analysis of grain components and detection of grain diseases，the evaluation of aquatic product freshness，as well as the authenticity identification and traceability of characteristic agricultural products. Furthermore，this paper summarizes the core challenges faced by the current technology，and prospects the development trends of HSI toward multimodal information fusion，whole industrial chain process monitoring and the construction of standardized databases，aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for promoting the application of this technology in the food industry.