Abstract:Lilium spp. are plants with both edible and medicinal value，and their polysaccharides have attracted significant attention due to the diverse biological activities. The physiological functions of Lilium polysaccharides were systematically reviewed，including immunomodulatory，anti-tumor，antioxidant，and anti-inflammatory effects，along with their mechanisms of action. Furthermore，the key research focuses，challenges，and future directions in this field were summarized，with the aim of providing a solid theoretical foundation and novel insights for further development and utilization of Lilium polysaccharides. The efforts were expected to promote the broad application of the polysaccharides across multiple domains such as pharmaceutical，healthcare，and food industries.