Abstract:To explore the differences in nutritional and active components between Poria and Poria cum Radix Pini，and to provide theoretical references for establishing quality standards and developing products for these two herbs.This study collected the samples for Poria and Poria cum Radix Pini from Jiangxi Province.Their nutritional composition，polysaccharide content and flavor substances were compared using modern analytical techniques.The results showed no significant differences between these two herbs in terms of moisture，protein，fat and water-soluble polysaccharide content.However，the dietary fiber and ash content of Poria cum Radix Pini were significantly higher，while the triterpenoid content was higher in Poria.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed a greater variety of volatile compounds in Poria cum Radix Pini，with a total of 24 compounds identified，including 3 hydrocarbons，9 aldehydes，4 alcohols，5 ketones，1 aromatic compound and 2 other compounds.In contrast，no hydrocarbons or other types of volatile compounds was detected in Poria.Moreover，Poria cum Radix Pini contained some unique components such as longifolene，（+）-borneol，and（-）-camphor，with relative contents of （65.800±9.310）%，（1.120±0.100）%，and （1.060±0.010）%，respectively.In summary，the higher triterpenoid content in Poria，together with the higher dietary fiber and ash content and the more diverse volatile compounds，including the unique longifolene，（+）-borneol，and （-）-camphor in Poria cum Radix Pini，may explain for the difference in efficacy between the two herbs.