Abstract:Polysaccharides are recognized as natural active substances widely present in living organisms and possess multiple biological activities. Compared to chemically synthesized drugs，polysaccharides，as functional ′additives′，demonstrate more stable，safe，green，and healthy advantages when they are applied in various fields. In recent years，polysaccharide extraction technology has continued to develop and has become a hot topic in academic research. The trend of using ultrasound-assisted extraction methods also increases. This paper systematically summarized and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different polysaccharide extraction processes，explored the effect of various processes on the biological activity of the extracted polysaccharides，and focused on the effects of ultrasound technology on the extraction yield，physical and chemical properties，and immunological activity of different polysaccharides. It also discussed the current application status of different polysaccharides in food production. This paper provides theoretical references and technical support for the practical application of ultrasound-assisted polysaccharide extraction in clinical practice，food production，and processing.