Abstract:Swim bladders，a by-product of aquatic processing，were rich in structural proteins including collagen and elastin，and their enzymatic hydrolysates exhibited anti-aging activity. Caenorhabditis elegans，owing to its genetic tractability，short lifespan，and conserved aging pathways，served as a model for elucidating the anti-aging mechanisms of swim bladder-derived peptides. The extraction processes and structural characteristics of swim bladder-derived collagen and elastin peptides were systematically summarized，and the major research progress on their anti-aging effects in the C. elegans model was reviewed. Their potential roles in oxidative stress regulation，mitochondrial homeostasis，proteostasis maintenance，and aging-related signaling pathways were discussed，and the possible biological processes and functional characteristics involved in collagen and elastin peptides were compared. Based on existing studies，the main problems and future research directions in this field were discussed. This review provides a theoretical reference for further research and application of swim bladder structural protein peptides in the development of anti-aging functional foods and related fields.