Abstract:Pine plants have attracted attention for a long time in industry due to their wide distribution around the world. Their needles were widely used in folk medicine and often incorporated into medicinal formulas. The essential oil obtained from pine needles through steam distillation possessed significant commercial value. Pine needle essential oil is composed of monoterpenes， sesquiterpenes， and their oxygen-containing derivatives，which exhibited biological activities such as antioxidant， antimicrobial， and anti-inflammatory properties. It could even exert synergistic effects when being combined with other plant essential oils. The essential oil extracted from pine needles demonstrated great potential for application in fields such as daily chemicals， food preservation， antiseptics， weeding， and pest control. This article reviewed the extraction processes， main components， biological activities， and applications of pine needle essential oil， aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for its industrial application and product development.