Abstract:This study established a systemic inflammation-immune stress model of zebrafish larvae and investigated its sensitivity to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immune stress relief effects of milk powder.It also explored differences between cow and goat milk powders in their anti-inflammatory and immune stress relief effects.A systemic inflammation-immune stress model of zebrafish larvae was established 3 days postfertilization （3 dpf） by treating them with 5 μg/mL lipopolysaccharides （LPS） for 5 consecutive days.The following steps were the treatment with different concentrations （12，24，and 48 mg/mL） of cow and goat milk powders and the detection of the systemic levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β），interleukin-6 （IL-6），interleukin-10 （IL-10），tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α），immunoglobulin M （IgM），immunoglobulin D （IgD），immunoglobulin T （IgT），complement C3，and histamine （HIS） in zebrafish larvae.This study compared the antiinflammatory and immune stress relief effects on zebrafish larvae between cow and goat milk powders.The results indicated that compared to the standard-fed control group，the LPS-treated model group exhibited highly significant changes in all indicators （p<0.001）.Compared to the model group，both cow and goat milk powder treatments produced varying degrees of positive inhibitory and alleviating effects on inflammatory and immune stress indicators in the systemic inflammation-immune stress model of zebrafish，with stronger effects observed at higher concentrations of milk powder.Specifically，the high-concentration （48 mg/mL） goat milk powder group significantly outperformed the cow milk powder group at the same concentration in suppressing proinflammatory IL-6 secretion and promoting anti-inflammatory IL-10 secretion （p<0.01）.Both the mediumconcentration （24 mg/mL） and high-concentration （48 mg/mL） goat milk powder groups significantly outperformed the cow milk powder groups at the same concentrations in modulating the elevated IgM levels induced by immune stress.However，for the other indicators，there were no significant differences in effects between cow and goat milk powders at the same concentrations.In summary，the systemic inflammation-immune stress model of zebrafish was successfully established.This model demonstrated good sensitivity for evaluating the anti-inflammatory and immune stress relief effects of milk powder.Both cow and goat milk powders significantly suppressed and alleviated LPS-induced systemic inflammatory responses and immune stress in larvae，with higher concentrations of goat milk powder yielding superior effects.