Abstract:β-Casein is an important source of bioactive peptides in milk. Each variant of β-casein releases a unique peptide profile after digestion due to its specific amino acid sequence. Among these peptides，β-casomorphin-7（ BCM-7） has particular physiological effects on digestive，nervous，and cardiovascular systems，garnering attention from researchers. In addition，digestion and heat processing models influence the in vitro release of BCM-7. The differences of β-casein variants as well as the effects of corresponding milk on digestive tract symptoms，cardiovascular diseases，and type I diabetes mellitus were reviewed，with a view to providing reference for comprehensive evaluation of the health effects of different β-casein variants.