Abstract:Electrochemiluminescence（ECL）sensors have the advantages of fast response，simple operation，and low equipment cost. As the core component of the sensor，the sensing material was the key to improving the performance of the sensor. In recent years，quantum dots（QDs）have been considered one of the most promising nanomaterials in sensor research due to their large Stokes shift，tunable emission wavelength，and photochemical stability. Therefore，this paper reviewed the background，classification，synthesis methods，mechanism of ECL，toxin detection，and other aspects of QDs，while focusing on the application of QDs-based ECL in mycotoxin detection. Additionally，the advantages and disadvantages of each ECL sensor were carefully studied to provide research ideas for the development of rapid detection technology for trace mycotoxins in food. Finally，the main problems and challenges of QDs-based ECL sensors in food safety detection were proposed and analyzed.