Abstract:To study the effects of olive oil rich in hydroxytyrosol and zeaxanthin pigment on visual impairment induced by sodium iodate in mice，a mice model of visual impairment featured by retinal damage was estab‐lished by intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate at a concentration of 5%. Successfully modeled mice were divided into the following groups：model group，olive oil（OL）group，olive oil rich in hydroxy tyrosol（OHT）group，olive oil rich in zeaxanthin pigment（OZT）group，calcium dobesilate capsules（CDC）group，with a physiological saline group as the control group（CK）. After 28 consecutive days of gavage administration，changes in the retina of mice with visual impairment were analyzed，and the effects of OZT and OHT on the changes of the activities of catalase（CAT），glutathione peroxidase（GSH‐Px）and superoxide dismutase（SOD），as well as the content of malondialdehyde（MDA），interleukin‐12（IL‐12），interleukin‐18（IL‐18），tu‐mor necrosis factor‐α（TNF‐α）and transforming growth factor‐β（TGF‐β）in the retina were evaluated.The re‐sults showed that both olive oil rich in hydroxytyrosol and olive oil rich in zeaxanthin pigment effectively in‐creased the positive expression levels of serpin peptidase inhibitor clade F member 1（SERPINF1）and recom‐binant patatin like phospholipase domain containing protein 2（PNPLA2），increased the activities of CAT，GSH‐Px，and SOD in the retina of mice，and reduced the content of MDA，IL‐12，IL‐18，TNF‐α，and TGF‐β.Additionally，they recovered the retinal thickness and cell count in mice，providing significant protective ef‐fects against retinal damage.Notably，olive oil rich in zeaxanthin pigment exhibited superior efficacy compared to olive oil rich in hydroxytyrosol. In conclusion，OZT and OHT have good protective and auxiliary therapeutic effects on mice with visual impairment featured by retinal damage.