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投稿时间:2024-03-20
投稿时间:2024-03-20
中文摘要: 利用顶空固相微萃取联合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱对八宝米熟制前后挥发性组分进行分析。结果表明,筛选并相对定量出102 个挥发性组分,主要包括21 种烷烃、17 种酮、16 种芳香烃、15 种醇、13 种醛、6 种酯、5 种烯萜、3 种呋喃、2 种胺、2 种酸、1 种醚、1 种硫化物,其中正己醛、正己醇、2-正戊基呋喃的含量在八宝生米中排前三,分别为(111.05±59.41)、(90.37±34.00)、(55.70±27.33) μg/kg;3,5-二甲基辛烷、正己醛、2-正戊基呋喃含量在八宝熟米中排前三,分别为(72.44±20.57)、(55.54±13.43)、(46.68±8.56) μg/kg。单因素方差分析表明八宝米熟制后,3,5-二甲基辛烷含量显著增加(P<0.05),辛醇、正庚醇等17 种化合物含量显著下降(P<0.05)。利用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析筛选出八宝米熟制前后20 种变量投影重要度大于1 的标志性化合物,包括4 种醇(正己醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、正庚醇、辛醇)、8 种醛(正己醛、庚醛、2-丁基-2-辛烯醛、壬醛、正辛醛、戊醛、反-2-辛烯醛、苯甲醛)、3 种烷烃(3,5-二甲基辛烷、2,6-二甲基十一烷、顺-2-庚烷)、2 种酮(2-庚酮、仲辛酮)、2 种芳香烃(邻二甲苯、苯乙烯)、1 种酸(己酸),其中2,6-二甲基十一烷、3,5-二甲基辛烷在八宝米熟制后含量显著增加,其他化合物含量显著降低。通过香气活性值分析发现,正庚醇、反-2-辛烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇是八宝生米中对风味有贡献的化合物,2-正戊基呋喃、壬醛、正辛醛是八宝熟米中对风味有贡献的化合物,这些化合物使八宝米具有脂肪、坚果、蘑菇、花果蔬香等综合风味。
中文关键词: 全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱 八宝米 烹饪 香气 挥发性组分
Abstract:Volatile components of Babao rice before and after cooking were analyzed by using headspace solidphase microextraction coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. The results showed that a total of 102 volatile components were screened and relatively quantified,mainly including 21 alkanes,17 ketones,16 aromatic hydrocarbons,15 alcohols,13 aldehydes,6 esters,5 terpenes,3 furans,2 amines,2 acids,1 ether,and 1 sulfide. The contents of hexanal,1-hexanol,and 2-pentylfuran ranked in the top three in raw Babao rice,with values of (111.05±59.41),(90.37±34.00),and (55.70±27.33) μg/kg,respectively. The contents of 3,5-dimethylheptane,hexanal,and 2-pentylfuran ranked the top three in cooked Babao rice,with values of (72.44±20.57),(55.54±13.43),and (46.68±8.56) μg/kg,respectively. One-way analysis of variance showed that in cooked Babao rice,the content of 3,5-dimethylheptane increased significantly (P<0.05),while the contents of 17 compounds such as 1-octanol and 1-heptanol decreased significantly (P<0.05). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)was utilized to screen out 20 representative compounds with variable importance in projection (VIP)scores greater than 1 in both raw and cooked Babao rice. They included 4 alcohols (1-hexanol,1-octen-3-ol,1-heptanol,and 1-octanol),8 aldehydes (hexanal,heptanal,2-butyl-2-octenal,nonanal,octanal,pentanal,(E)-2-octenal,and benzaldehyde),3 alkanes (3,5-dimethyloctane,2,6-dimethylundecane,and (Z)-2-heptane),2 ketones (2-heptanone and 2-octanone),2 aromatic hydrocarbons (o-xylene and styrene),and 1 acid (hexanoic acid). Among these compounds,the contents of 2,6-dimethylundecane and 3,5-dimethyloctane were significantly increased,while the contents of the remaining compounds were significantly decreased after the rice was cooked. Odor activity value (OAV) analyses indicated that 1-heptanol,E-2-octenal,and 1-octen-3-ol were the compounds contributing to the flavor of the raw Babao rice,and 2-pentylfuran,nonanal,and octanal were those contributing to the flavor of cooked Babao rice. These compounds contributed to the complex flavor of the Babao rice,including fatty,nutty,mushroom-like,floral,and fruity aroma.
keywords: comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry Babao rice cooking aroma volatile component
文章编号:202510023 中图分类号: 文献标志码:
基金项目:
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 郭咏梅1,操粮骏2,何泽娟2,赵林芬3,谭超2 * | 1.云南省农业科学院 粮食作物研究所,云南 昆明 650205;2.云南农业大学 食品科学技术学院,云南昆明 650201;3.云南医药健康职业学院,云南 昆明 650033 |
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