Abstract:2′-fucosyllactose（2′-FL）,accounting for about 30% of human milk oligosaccharides,is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk.Recognized for its potential to promote infant brain development,enhance infant immunity,and provide benefits across different age groups,2′-FL has been widely used in infant formula,functional food and beverage,and medical adjuvants.Microbial synthesis of 2′-FL has the advantages of easy large-scale production and using cheap raw materials as substrates.At present,the main industrial production strain of 2′-FL is Escherichiɑ coli,while other food safety strains such as Sɑcchɑromyces cerevisiɑe and Bɑcillus subtilis have also been modified to produce 2′-FL,with promising results. This review comprehensively discusses the mechanisms by which 2′-FL impacts the human body,its diverse applications,the current state of microbial strain engineering for 2′-FL synthesis,and offers insights into future trends in this field.