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投稿时间：2022-05-23
投稿时间：2022-05-23
中文摘要: 为进一步探究油梨种质资源脂肪酸组分间关系，为其品种选育、构建油梨种质资源评价体系和综合利用提供参考，以23 份油梨成熟果为试验材料，采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析测定果实脂肪酸组分，通过相关系数、变异系数、多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸（polyunstaturated/saturated，P/S 值）、单不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸值（monounsated/saturated，M/S 值）、致动脉粥样硬化指数（atherogentic index，AI 值）、高胆固醇指数（hypercholesterolaemic index，HI 值）、聚类分析指标综合评价油梨脂肪酸组分及其营养性。结果表明，不同油梨种质资源的脂肪酸组分之间存在差异性，果肉不饱和脂肪酸种类为6～15 种，占比为36.46%～66.39%；种子不饱和脂肪酸种类为2～11 种，占比为0%～65.26%。各脂肪酸之间普遍存在相关性，多为极显著正相关。变异系数在0.024～4.796，果肉、种子中的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸4 种饱和脂肪酸变异系数均小于1，表现出遗传稳定性。油梨的M/S 值、P/S 值较高，AI 值、HI 值较低，具有较高的营养价值。以油梨果肉、种子脂肪酸组成为变量将23 份种质资源分为两类，南亚A、xx1、桂研1 号属于I 类，其油酸、棕榈油酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸含量显著高于另一类。桂研1 号果实的油酸、棕榈油酸、亚麻酸和亚油酸含量在23 份种质中最高，具有较大的开发潜力。由此可见不同油梨种质资源果实脂肪酸间存在差异性、相关性，脂肪酸组分分析对油梨的品种选育、种质资源评价和综合利用具有参考意义。
Abstract:To further explore the relationship between fatty acid composition in avocado germplasm resources and provide references for variety breeding，construction of an evaluation system for avocado germplasm resources，and comprehensive utilization，23 mature avocado fruits were selected as experimental materials.The fatty acid composition of the fruit was analyzed and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The correlation coefficient，variation coefficient，polyunstaturated/saturated（P/S value），monounsated/saturated（M/S value），atherogentic index（AI value），hypercholesterolaemic index（HI value），and clustering analysis index were used to comprehensively evaluate the fatty acid composition and nutrition of avocado.The results showed that there were differences in fatty acid composition among different avocado germplasm resources.The number of unsaturated fatty acids in the flesh was between 6 and 15，and the mass fraction was between 36.46% and 66.39%.The number of unsaturated fatty acids in the seed was between 2 and 11，and the mass fraction was between 0% and 65.26%.There were generally correlations between various fatty acids，mostly highly positive correlations.The variation coefficient ranged from 0.024 to 4.796，and the variation coefficients of four saturated fatty acids，i.e.，palmitic acid，stearic acid，myristic acid，and lauric acid in the flesh and seed were all less than 1，indicating genetic stability.The M/S value and P/S value of avocado were relatively high，while the AI value and HI value were relatively low，indicating that avocado had high nutritional value.Using the fatty acid composition of avocado flesh and seed as variables，23 germplasm resources were divided into two categories.Southern Asia A，xx1，and Guiyan 1 belonged to category I，with significantly higher content of oleic acid，palmitoleic acid，linoleic acid，and linolenic acid than the other category.Guiyan 1 had the highest content of oleic acid，palmitoleic acid，linoleic acid，and linolenic acid among the 23 germplasm resources，indicating great development potential.Therefore，the differences and correlations in fatty acid composition of avocado fruits among different germplasm resources have reference significance for variety breeding，germplasm resource evaluation，and comprehensive utilization of avocado.
文章编号：202317019 中图分类号： 文献标志码：
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队（nycytxgxcxtd-17-16）；科技先锋队“强农富民”“六个一”专项行动（桂农科盟202304-8）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目（桂农科2021YT159）；基于表型性状和SSR 的油梨种质资源多样性分析（桂农科2023YM20）
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