Abstract:The camellia seed oil was extracted from Camellia oleifera seeds in Xin County of Xinyang by ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction，and the fatty acid composition of camellia oil was analyzed by gas chromatography. The material-to-liquid ratio，ultrasonic time，ultrasonic temperature，and ultrasonic power were selected as the independent variables，and the oil yield was taken as the evaluation index. The response surface method optimization test was conducted on the basis of a single-factor test. The results showed that the material-to-liquid ratio and ultrasonic power had a significant impact on the extraction of camellia oil from Xinyang. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows：the material-to-liquid ratio of 19 ∶1（mL/g），ultrasonic power of 200 W，ultrasonic time of 63 min，and ultrasound temperature of 60 ℃. Under the above conditions，the oil yield was 39.14%. Eleven fatty acids were identified from camellia oil，including five saturated fatty acids accounting for 9.98% of total fatty acids and six unsaturated fatty acids accounting for 90.02% of total fatty acids.The content of oleic acid in fatty acid composition was as high as 80.3%.