Abstract:As the seeds of Cucumis bisexualis are rich in oil，they can be used as a novel source of oil.In the study，the physicochemical properties，fatty acid composition，and volatile compounds of Cucumis bisexualis seed oil were tested and analyzed.The results showed that the lovibond colors were red 11 and yellow 8；smoking point，225 ℃；acid value，1.16 mg/g；peroxide value，0.32 mmol/kg；refractive index，1.475 8；relative density，0.922 6；saponification value，189.1 mg/g；iodine value，132 g/100 g；and unsaponifiable matter，9.07 g/kg.Cucumis bisexualis seed oil was composed of 11 fatty acids，comprising 84.9% unsaturated fatty acids and 15.1% saturated fatty acids.The proportion of linoleic acid was the highest among all fatty acids.Pyrazines and benzaldehyde were the dominant volatile compounds contributing to the aroma of this oil.As a natural，healthy oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids with outstanding flavor，Cucumis bisexualis seed oil can be considered a valuable edible oil.