Abstract:L-theanine is a characteristic non-protein amino acid in the tea plant，which is one of the important indexes affecting the quality of tea.Moreover，L-theanine has health care function such as anti-disease，neuroprotection，calming and transpiring.Most albino tea trees have high content of free amino acid and L-theanine，which lead breeding direction of tea plant resources.So it is very important to study the high accumulation mechanism of L-theanine in albino tea plants.This paper mainly reviewed the literature on the differential accumulation of L-theanine in albino tea trees，the content and distribution of L-theanine in tea trees，the anabolic pathway of L-theanine and its influence factors.It was aimed at providing a reference to select tea resource with high L-theanine content and research its formation mechanism.At the end of article，the health care function of L-theanine in future development direction was prospected.