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灵芝茶工艺优化及挥发性风味物质分析
夏雨洁, 卜智斌, 余元善, 温靖, 邹波, 朱敬龙, 张金惠, 胡腾根, 徐玉娟
(广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所)
Process Optimization of Ganoderma lucidum Tea and Analysis of Volatile Flavor Compounds
夏雨洁
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投稿时间:2026-07-21    修订日期:2026-07-21
中文摘要: 灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)为药食两用真菌,富含多糖、三萜等活性成分,具有免疫调节、抗氧化等多种药理作用,因此基于其健康价值开发功能性灵芝茶饮具有重要意义,但现有袋泡茶产品存在活性物质溶出少、冲泡效率低等问题,传统沸水煮茶虽能提高溶出率但不便携带,限制了产品的品质与便捷性。为此,本研究以总糖含量为指标,优化了灵芝茶的提取、真空浓缩及复配工艺,并结合电子舌、电子鼻和HS-SPME-GC-MS分析风味品质。结果表明:灵芝最佳提取条件为90 ℃、1:200、240 min;最佳浓缩方式为真空浓缩(温度40 ℃、真空度30 Pa、浓缩20倍);浓缩液与原料最佳复配比例为1:0.8;最佳冲泡条件为茶水比1:100、时间4 min、温度90 ℃,此时甜鲜味良好,苦酸味也得到有效抑制;共鉴定出21种挥发性成分,以酯类和醛类为主,壬酸甲酯含量最高,赋予产品果香、甜香和酒香。新型复配茶在相同冲泡条件下总糖含量显著高于传统冲泡茶和沸水煮茶,活性成分溶出效率明显改善,有效解决了溶出率低、风味不佳的问题,为灵芝精深加工及高品质功能性茶饮的开发提供了理论依据与技术参考。
Abstract:G.lucidum, an edible and medicinal fungus, is rich in bioactive components such as polysaccharides and triterpenoids, exhibiting diverse pharmacological effects including immunomodulation and antioxidant activity. Therefore, developing functional G.lucidum tea beverages based on its health benefits is of great significance. However, existing tea bag products suffer from low release of active substances and poor brewing efficiency. Although traditional boiling extraction enhances the dissolution rate, it is inconvenient for portability, limiting both product quality and convenience. To address these issues, this study optimized the extraction, vacuum concentration, and reconstitution processes of G.lucidum tea using total sugar content as an indicator, and evaluated the flavor quality via electronic tongue, electronic nose, and HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 90℃, a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:200, and 240min. The optimal concentration method was vacuum concentration (temperature 40℃, vacuum degree 30Pa, concentration factor of 20-fold). The optimal reconstitution ratio of the concentrate to the raw material was 1:0.8. The optimal brewing conditions were a tea-to-water ratio of 1:100, brewing time of 4 min, and temperature of 90℃, under which the tea exhibited good sweet and umami tastes while effectively suppressing bitter and sour notes. A total of 21 volatile compounds were identified, primarily esters and aldehydes, with methyl nonanoate being the most abundant, imparting fruity, sweet, and wine-like aromas to the product. Under the same brewing conditions, the novel reconstituted tea showed significantly higher total sugar content than traditionally brewed tea and boiled tea, indicating markedly improved dissolution efficiency of active components. This study effectively addresses the problems of low dissolution rate and poor flavor quality, providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for the deep processing of G.lucidum and the development of high-quality functional tea beverages.
文章编号:QY20260648     中图分类号:    文献标志码:
基金项目:广东省科技计划项目(东源县林下经济与林产品加工技术研究与产业化示范)(2024B0202010006)
Author NameAffiliationPostcode
夏雨洁  510640
  510640
  510640
  510640
  510640
  510640
  510640
  510640
  510640
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