Abstract:Human milk fat is essential for early infant development. In addition to providing energy， the lipid fraction of human milk fat affects neurodevelopment and nutrient absorption in infants， but human milk fat substitutes are needed when breastfeeding is insufficient. This paper discussed the diverse sources， synthesis methods， influencing factors， and evaluation methods of human milk fat substitutes， analyzed the problems in the current research， and provided opinions， aiming to provide theoretical references for the simulation of human milk fat at the molecular level to ensure the growth and development of infants.