Abstract:Cordyceps militaris，a homologous new resource food，was used as the enrichment carrier，and different concentrations of chromium were added into the medium to study the chrome-tolerance and chrome-rich effect of C. militaris. The effects of chromium on the yield and quality of C. militaris were discussed，and the mechanism of chrome -rich effect was analyzed based on transcriptomics. The results showed that when the chromium concentration was 400 μg/mL，the mycelium biomass or colony diameter reached the maximum value，the chrome-rich rate of mycelium was the highest，and the diameter，height and biological conversion of fruiting body all reached the maximum value. However，after the addition of high concentration of chromium element，the pollution rate was significantly increased，and the fruition body even distorted，indicating that high concentration of chromium element had a certain stress effect on the growth of C. militaris. Common C.militaris and chrome-rich C. militaris were used as materials，and 796 differentially expressed genes were selected by comparative analysis. The differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in five metabolic pathways：ribosome，cysteine and methionine metabolism，amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism，methane metabolism，and amino acid biosynthesis.