Abstract:Gloeostereum incarnatum（GI）is an edible and medicinal fungus rich in various nutrients and active components.Its fruiting body and fermentation products have efficient antibacterial，anti-inflammatory，antioxidant，immune-enhancing，and anti-tumor effects.The extract of GI contains a variety of biologically active components，such as polysaccharides，sesquiterpenes，alkaloids，flavonoids，and amino acids，among which polysaccharides and sesquiterpenes exhibit the most significant biological activity and are the most important components in the modern pharmacological research of natural drugs.This article provided an overview of the research progress on the main active components and their biological functions of GI，which could serve as a reference for the in-depth study and development of the main active components of GI.