Abstract:The human gut contains many microorganisms that participate in various metabolic activities closely related to human health，such as nutrient and drug metabolism.Arguably，the human gut microbiome is a potential controller of health and disease.Throughout the human life cycle，changes in the gut microbiome are affected by various factors，of which dietary factors play a crucial role.In recent years，the gut microbiota has attracted the attention of researchers who have discovered that different dietary patterns have important effects on the composition，diversity，genes，and functions of the gut microbiota.This article summarizes several typical dietary patterns，such as Vegetarian，Mediterranean，and Western diets，and expounds on the effects of dietary patterns and components on the composition，structure，function，and genes of gut microbiota to provide a reference for the research of the gut microbiota on the relationship with human health.