Abstract:16 sugarcane varieties，which are the most popular and representative plants for brown sugar production in China，were selected as the raw materials to produce brown sugar via the traditional processing. Nutritional components，quality properties，the content of minerals，total free amino acids and total polyphenols in prepared brown sugar samples were systematically analyzed.The final result showed that the brown sugars made from Xuansan，Liucheng 05-136，Chuantang 61-408，Taitang 134 and CO 419 had good quality and nutritional indicators.Due to lower sucrose content，higher reducing sugar content and high moisture absorption properties found in the brow sugars made from Sichuan reed cane and Guilin bamboo cane，they were therefore not suitable for brow sugar production.However，these two canes contained the highest content of total polyphenols compared with others，the total free amino acids could also reach 1 317.84 mg/100 g-1 346.10 mg/100 g，they could be used to produce liquid brown sugars. The highest content of sucrose found in brown sugars made from Yunzhe 05-51 and the highest content of chlorides found in brown sugars made from ROC 25 demonstrated that the two kinds of canes were more suitable for white granulated sugar production via crystallization processing.The quality of brown sugars from other varieties were relatively moderate and could be processed in reasonable ways according to needs.