Abstract:Heavy metals are highly toxic.Although they are present in trace amounts in various environmental matrices，the resulting contamination could still cause serious damage to the environment and humans.Therefore，the development of accurate and sensitive methods for the detection of heavy metals is very necessary for the detection of heavy metals in food.Traditional detection methods for heavy metal ions have a series of disadvantages such as relying on large and expensive instruments，time consuming and complex operations.The rapid development of biotechnology and nanomaterials provide a new way of thinking for the detection of heavy metals.This paper introduced the traditional methods of heavy metal detection and the research progress of aptamer-based analytical methods combined with nanomaterials，and future prospects were discussed.