Abstract:With the development and popularization of rapid detection technology，the combination of mathematical analysis tools and spectral technology which gradually play its unique advantages in food adulteration identification and origin traceability，would be an important development direction of quality inspection and adulteration detection，and had broad research value and application prospects.The basic principles of infrared spectroscopy，Raman spectroscopy，nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and terahertz time domain spectroscopy and their applications in the identification of edible oils and fats，adulteration analysis and physical and chemical indicators were reviewed，which could provide reference for rapid analysis and detection of food.