Abstract:The aim of this paper was to study the effect of human leukemia K562 cells treated by the fish head polysaccharides. MTT method was used to test the proliferation inhibition rate of K562 cells，and HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of K562 cells，and flow cytometry was used to test the apoptosis of the K562 cells. The result indicated the proliferation of K562 cells was obviously inhibited，and the inhibitory rate was positive correlation with time and concentration when the drug concentration was less than 200 μg/mL. HE staining displayed the K562 cells presented obvious apoptosis and necrosis phenomenon with time dependence. The flow cytometry testing indicated the polysaccharides had a significant impact on the K562 cell cycle distribution，as well as obvious apoptosis and necrosis phenomenon. The rate of apoptosis cells run up to 21.28 %. Therefore，it showed the fish head polysaccharides had obvious impact on the proliferation inhibition of the K562 cells.